Theoretical Approach to Integration (From Theoretical Integration in the Study of Deviance and Crime: Problems and Prospects, P 137-159, 1989, Steven F Messner, et al, eds. -- See NCJ-118940)

• NCJ Number: 118947
• Author(s): T J Bernard
• Date Published: 1989
• Length: 23 pages
• Sale Source: California Correctional Peace Officers Assoc
• Publication Type: Research (Theoretical)
• Language: English
• Country: United States of America
• Note: *This document is currently unavailable from NCJRS.

Annotation

This chapter achieves crime-causes theory integration on the basis of a convergence among the causal arguments in various criminology theories; the resulting integrated theory can only be as valid as the least valid of the theories from which it is derived.

Abstract

The five component theories were developed by Merton (1986), Cohen (1955), Cloward and Ohlin (1960), Hirschi (1969), and Akers (1985). In achieving integration, the chapter identifies two causal arguments common to the five component theories. These are points at which the five theories make the same predictions for the same reasons. Next, the integration strategy isolates points at which two or more of the theories use contradictory reasons to make contradictory predictions and determines the consequences for each theory if research were to determine that the prediction of the competing theory is correct. The two causal arguments are joined into a single "theory of action." The theory of action, although necessarily simpler than each component theory, is used by the theories as part of their explanation of criminal actions. Integration of the component theories can be achieved by determining the relation each theory has to the theory of action, establishing the relation each has to the others. Vold and Bernard (1986) use the same theory of action to explain official reaction to crime, thus making possible a coordinated explanation of criminal actions, official reactions, and official crime rates in one crime theory.