This study compares the augmented reality (AR) personal navigation device (PND) with an egocentric street view PND and the standard map-based PND.
In this paper, the authors compare the augmented reality (AR) personal navigation device (PND), a technology that does not currently exist but can be simulated, with two PND technologies that are popular today: an egocentric street view PND and the standard map-based PND. Based on both objective and subjective measures, experimental results show that the AR PND exhibits the least negative impact on driving. Using a high-fidelity driving simulator, the authors examine the effect of all three PNDs on driving performance in a city traffic environment where constant, alert attention is required. The authors discuss the implications of these findings on PND design as well as methods for potential improvement. Prior research has shown that when drivers look away from the road to view a personal navigation device (PND), driving performance is affected. To keep visual attention on the road, an augmented reality (AR) PND using a heads-up display could overlay a navigation route. (Published Abstract Provided)