NCJ Number
212160
Date Published
October 2004
Length
26 pages
Annotation
After discussing some common misconceptions about after-school programs, this paper identifies the components of effective after-school programming and addresses the benefits of such programming, the cost in relation to benefits, models of statewide support, policy implications, and sustainable funding.
Abstract
The development and promotion of effective after-school programs requires that two common misconceptions about them be dispelled; i.e., that they are basically for childcare and to extend regular school programming. The primary focus of effective after-school programs is positive youth development. This involves the development of multiple skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills. Primary learning strategies are low staff-to-student ratios and individual instruction. After-school programs also focus on the prevention of at-risk behaviors, such as early sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and violence. This is done through life skills activities and instruction. Although after-school programs may incorporate academic instruction or tutoring that complements regular academic instruction, it is important that after-school programs have flexibility to pursue a broader emphasis and distinctive teaching methods. The evaluation of after-school programs is still underway, with only a few studies having been completed. Initial results show that participation provides academic support, mentoring, recreation, and cultural/social enrichment not experienced by peers who do not participate in after-school programming. A California cost-benefit analysis of after-school programs found that for each dollar the State invested in providing an at-risk youth with an after-school program, the State could expect a return of between $8.92 and $12.90. Examples of publicly funded and privately funded after-school programming are provided. Future needs are the development of comprehensive statewide policies for after-school programs, a uniform set of quality standards and evaluation measures, and sustainable funding. 6 tables and 24 references