NCJ Number
223657
Journal
Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Dated: 2008 Pages: 174-185
Date Published
2008
Length
12 pages
Annotation
This literature review establishes the critical importance of identifying and treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an essential component of any best-practices model for the provision of psychological services in a juvenile justice system that aims to prevent delinquency and reduce recidivism.
Abstract
There is a robust international consensus that ADHD is a significant developmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The prevalence of ADHD in the juvenile justice system is at least three to four times the 7-percent rate for ADHD seen in the general population. ADHD is a potent risk factor for the development of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which, in interaction with certain environments, increases the risk for developing conduct disorder (CD). ADHD co-occurring with CD increases the risk for a substance-use disorder (SUD) as well as academic and job failure. Together, these factors increase the risk for criminal behavior and recidivism. Since 25 percent or more of juveniles in the justice system have ADHD, an essential first step in any best-practices model is to require education on ADHD for all personnel in the system, including lawyers, judges, probation and parole officers, and all others with a stake in improving juvenile justice. Having been so educated, the respective personnel would be more qualified to serve the needs of youth with ADHD. 57 references