NCJ Number
206813
Journal
Addiction Volume: 99 Issue: Supplement 1 Dated: June 2004 Pages: 51-77
Date Published
June 2004
Length
26 pages
Annotation
This article, one of a series, explores the implications of the cognitive and social-learning models for the development of novel instruments for the assessment of tobacco dependence in adolescents.
Abstract
This article is one of a series of three articles that focus on identifying theoretically based approaches to assess tobacco dependence among adolescents. The authors assert that substance dependence is a multi-dimensional construct and that contemporary theories of drug dependence provide a rich source of possibilities for the development of a theoretically driven assessment tool. The current article explores the contributions of Mark Goldman’s model of drug expectancies, Albert Bandura’s model of self-efficacy, Thomas Will’s model of stress and coping, and Steven Tiffany’s cognitive-processing model of drug urges and cravings to the development of an assessment tool for tobacco dependence. Key constructs thus include expectancy, self-efficacy, coping, and craving. Each theoretical model is discussed in turn, as well as their implications for the assessment instrument. In addition to the traditional approach of developing or refining self-report questionnaires, the potential exists for the development of novel approaches for assessment, including implicit memory tasks, real-time assessment using ecological momentary assessment, analyses of inter- and intratrial smoking typography, laboratory manipulations, and assessments of memory structure and content. Careful validation of the construct validity is important due to the fact that the theoretical models are not explicitly models of drug dependence. Tables provide summaries of the possibilities for the assessment of tobacco dependence that were driven by the four key constructs. Tables, references