NCJ Number
96546
Editor(s)
W B Moran
Date Published
1983
Length
50 pages
Annotation
This text provides an overview of surveillance and discusses various types of surveillance equipment.
Abstract
The two general types of surveillance -mobile and fixed -- are considered; techniques of each are described. Attention focuses on the two types of night viewing devices: the active type puts out its own light source, allowing the user to see in total darkness; the passive type amplifies existing light, such as moonlight, starlight, or sky glow. Further, the application and functioning of undercover communications equipment are addressed; standards that should be used in the selection, evaluation, and procurement of such equipment are identified. The types of telephone tapping transmitters usable for monitoring both sides of a telephone conversation are examined. In general, they are not crystal controlled and have a power output ranging from a few miliwatts to about one-quarter watt; many of them use the telephone line as an antenna. The method used to connect a parallel transmitter to a telephone line is described. Interceptions of a suburban residential telephone, a business's data communication to a computer service, and conversations over the direct distance dialing network between two specific individuals in different cities are explored. Categories of telephone bugging, based on how a microphone is connected to a listening post, are noted: the direct connection, the hookswitch bypass, and the third-wire or spare-pair. Finally, Federal laws applicable to wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping are included. An annotated bibliography of 26 books on electronic surveillance is provided, as are 29 figures and 2 tables.