Creating a Supervision Tool Kit: How to Improve Probation and Parole

• NCJ Number: 243786
• Journal: Federal Probation Volume: 77 Issue: 1 Dated: June 2013 Pages: 22-27
• Author(s): Lily Gleicher; Sarah M. Manchak; Francis T. Cullen
• Date Published: June 2013
• Length: 6 pages
• Publication Format: Article
• Publication Type: Technical Assistance; Instructional Material
• Country: United States of America

Annotation

This article describes three similar models for effective supervision meetings between probation/parole officers and their clients, accompanied by supporting research findings.

Abstract

All three models use the principles of risk (R), need (N), and responsivity (R). Known as the RNR principles, "risk" refers to the likelihood of reoffending; under the RNR principles, the intensity of services provided is related to risk level. The "need" principle states that treatment programs should target offenders' criminogenic needs; and the "responsivity" principle suggests that programs should use treatment modalities suitable for the criminogenic needs of each offender. One of the proposed models for effective supervision meetings that comply with RNR principles is called the Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS). STICS trains probation/parole officers to integrate RNR principles in the content of supervision meetings. Overall, STICS training teaches the General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning (GPCSL) theoretical perspective. Probation/parole officers are taught how to integrate this theoretical perspective into supervision meetings. The second model described is the Effective Practices in Community Supervision (EPICS). Similar to STICS, EPICS equips community supervision officers with knowledge on translating RNR principles into action and using core correctional practices within meetings. Officers learn how to structure interactions with clients in accordance with evidence-based practices. The practices will vary according to the risk level and criminogenic needs of the offender. The third model described is called Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Re-arrest (STARR). Similar in concept to both STICS and EPICS, STARR trains community supervision officers in skills that research has shown to be most important in offender behavioral change. Training includes a demonstration of each skill and feedback from the instructor and other participants. 34 references