NCJ Number
50382
Date Published
1978
Length
582 pages
Annotation
FOURTEEN PAPERS ADVANCING ASPECTS OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF A NATIONAL PROGRAM UNDERTAKEN TO DEVELOP AND TEST METHODS OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) ARE PRESENTED.
Abstract
THE OPENING PAPER OFFERS AN OVERVIEW OF UNDERMANNING THEORY--A TENET OF ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY CONCERNING THE CONSEQUENCES OF THERE BEING TOO FEW PEOPLE AVAILABLE TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF BEHAVIOR SETTINGS (THE NATURAL UNITS INTO WHICH COMMUNITIES DIVIDE THEMSELVES IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH DAILY BUSINESS). WAYS IN WHICH UNDERMANNING THEORY RELATES TO CPTED PRINCIPLES OF SURVEILLANCE, ACTIVITY SUPPORT, AND MOTIVATION REINFORCEMENT ARE POINTED OUT. A PAPER ON SELF-HELP IN MODERN SOCIETY SPECIFIES THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH SELF-HELP FLOURISHES AND SUGGESTS TECHNIQUES FOR STIMULATING SELF-HELP. OTHER PAPERS INCLUDE A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TERRITORIALITY AND RESIDENTIAL CRIME, AN EXAMINATION OF CPTED IN URBAN SHOPPING DISTRICTS, AND A STUDY OF DEFENSIBLE SPACE AS A FACTOR IN COMBATING FEAR OF CRIME AMONG ELDERLY RESIDENTS OF A PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECT. A DISCUSSION OF CPTED AND RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SUGGESTS THAT THE TWO FIELDS STEM FROM THE SAME INTELLECTUAL ROOTS, USE THE SAME OPERATING PRINCIPLES, HAVE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME RESEARCH AND APPLIED GOALS, AND MAY BE EXPECTED TO SHARE THE SAME SUCCESSES AND LIMITATIONS. OTHER PAPERS APPLY MOTIVATION THEORIES TO CPTED ISSUES, EXAMINE THE ROLE OF THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN CRIME AND FEAR OF CRIME AMONG THE ELDERLY, AND ADVANCE EMPIRICALLY BASED PROPOSITIONS ABOUT OFFENDER SELECTION OF VICTIMS, VICTIM PRONENESS TO VICTIMIZATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF OFFENDING. A REVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREDATORY CRIME AND THE DESIGN AND FORM OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT CONCLUDES THAT SEVERAL ELEMENTS OF THE 'BUILT' ENVIRONMENT MAY SERVE AS ATTRACTORS, PRODUCERS, OR FACILITATORS OF CRIME AND THAT THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CAN BE MANIPULATED TO ENHANCE SECURITY. A STUDY OF NEIGHBORHOOD-BASED CRIME PREVENTION IN PORTLAND, ORE., REPORTS THAT THE SMALL GROUP (BLOCK MEETING) APPROACH IS EFFECTIVE IN ELICITING CITIZEN RESPONSE, PARTICULARLY WITH REGARD TO COLLECTIVE PREVENTION (AS OPPOSED TO INDIVIDUAL TARGET-HARDING) EFFORTS. OTHER PAPERS DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROPRIETARY ATTITUDES TOWARD PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND SPACES, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUNICIPAL CRIME RATES AND LAND USE PATTERNS IN NEW JERSEY, AND APPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIOR TECHNOLOGY IN CPTED. LISTS OF REFERENCES ACCOMPANY THE PAPERS. (LKM)