NCJ Number
215701
Journal
Journal of Gang Research Volume: 13 Issue: 4 Dated: Summer 2006 Pages: 31-43
Date Published
2006
Length
13 pages
Annotation
This study assessed the efficacy of applying Sherman’s defiance theory of the variable responses of individuals to sanctions as an explanation for gang membership.
Abstract
Results indicated that two of the four measures of defiance--legitimacy and pride--were significantly related to the likelihood of gang membership among a Canadian youth sample. A third variable emerged as the most significant predictor of gang membership: peer delinquency. The findings suggest that while Sherman’s defiance theory can partially explain gang membership, a full explanation of gang membership can only be gained through the integration of several theories, including differential association theory. Sherman’s defiance theory identifies four concepts in the emotional response to punishment: (1) legitimacy of the sanctioning agents; (2) strength of the social bond between the offender and the sanctioning agent; (3) shame; and (4) pride. The theory holds that punishments will provoke future defiance depending on the degree to which offenders perceive punishment as illegitimate, have weak bonds to society, deny their shame, and feel prideful about their rebellious spirit. Data were drawn from a 2001 study of urban Canadian youth. This study used a targeted sampling strategy to target youth attending schools in neighborhoods with significant gang activity. Questionnaires were completed by 543 youth, which measured perceptions of the legitimacy of sanctioning agents, social bonds to society, pride, and gang membership. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and multivariate analyses. Tables, references