NCJ Number
192038
Journal
Journal of Forensic Sciences Volume: 46 Issue: 6 Dated: November 2001 Pages: 1385-1391
Date Published
November 2001
Length
7 pages
Annotation
This study defined quantifiable variables for transparent digital overlays, the most commonly used analytical technique in bite-injury assessment.
Abstract
U.S. courts have stated that witnesses must be able to identify published works that define operational parameters of any tests or procedures that form the basis of scientific conclusions. Such works do not exist within the field of bite-mark analysis. In an effort to help remedy this circumstance, the current study produced a series of 10 simulated, postmortem bites on pigskin, with accompanying overlays. Using two separate analyses with four examiner groups, the study defined values of intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and error rates for transparent overlays. Methods and statistical treatments from medical decision making and diagnostic test evaluation were used. Forced decision models and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used. This report describes sensitivity and specificity values; the results are consistent with other dental diagnostic systems. The study concluded that the weak inter-examiner reliability values explained the divergence of odontologists' opinions regarding the bite-mark identifications often stated in court. The effect of training and experience of the examiners was found to have little effect on the effective use of overlays within this study. The overall conclusion of the study is that the continued use of computer-generated overlays in bite-mark analysis is justified, although further work is required in the investigation of the effect of examiner factors. The authors recommend that further research be conducted, so that the results of the current study can be placed in context. 6 tables, 2 figures, and 22 references