NCJ Number
191009
Date Published
2001
Length
3 pages
Annotation
This document focuses on the psychological problems of rescue workers resulting from disaster experiences.
Abstract
In dealing with the after-effects of the September 11th terrorist attack, rescue workers are at risk for behavioral and emotional re-adjustment problems as well as physical danger. The psychological problems that may result from disaster experiences include emotional reactions; cognitive reactions; physical reactions; and interpersonal reactions. As many as one in three rescue workers experience some or all of the following severe stress symptoms, which may lead to lasting post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, or depression. These are dissociation or feeling completely outside of one’s self; extreme attempts to avoid disturbing memories, such as substance use; extreme emotional numbing; hyperarousal, such as panic attacks; severe anxiety; and severe depression. Rescue workers who directly experience or witness any of the following during or after the disaster are at greatest risk for severe stress symptoms and lasting readjustment problems. These are life threatening danger or physical harm; exposure to gruesome death; extreme environmental or human violence; loss of home; loss of communication with/support from close relationships; intense emotional demands; extreme fatigue; and exposure to toxic contamination. Those with a history of exposure to other traumas, chronic medical illness or psychological disorders, chronic poverty, or recent major life stressors are more at risk for severe stress symptoms. Ways of managing stress during a disaster operation are to develop a “buddy” system with a co-worker, take good physical care, take frequent breaks, and stay in touch with family and friends. Among the things to do after the disaster is attend a debriefing, talk about feelings as they arise, and give co-workers recognition for a job well done.