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Espionage as Political Crime? A Typology of Spies

NCJ Number
119435
Journal
Journal of Security Administration Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Dated: (June 1989) Pages: 19-36
Author(s)
F Hagan
Date Published
1989
Length
18 pages
Annotation
Espionage, the secretive theft of information, has been a human preoccupation since early recorded history.
Abstract
One form of spying, treason, is one of the earliest crimes punished by society, and the only crime defined in the U.S. Constitution. Even though "sub rosa crime" is more costly than traditional property crime and has altered post World War II economic and political history, it has been relatively neglected in the criminological literature. A new typology of spies is proposed and case illustrations are described which attempt to alleviate overconcentration upon ideological spies and include: mercenary, alienated, buccaneer, professional, compromised, deceived, quasi-agent, escapee, and miscellaneous. 60 references, 1 figure. (Author abstract)

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