NCJ Number
161276
Journal
International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners Volume: 2 Issue: 1 Dated: (January-March 1996) Pages: 16-32
Date Published
1996
Length
17 pages
Annotation
Literature on more than 30 techniques for determining the sequence of handwriting strokes on documents was reviewed to assess the factors that advance or limit each technique and to offer another independent validation of the many sequence-of-stroke methodologies developed and used in forensic document examinations.
Abstract
Sequence-of-stroke examinations attempt to determine which of two intersecting pieces of information on a document was added last. Homogeneous intersections are two crossing lines produced by the same writing instrument or by two instruments of the same type. Heterogeneous intersections may involve crossing strokes produced by two types of pens, two static pressure-type impressions made by a typewriter or rubber stamp, or a dynamic writing with a static impression. Previous research has described more than 30 sequencing techniques involving 144 common types of intersecting media. Methods include lifting techniques, a pre-lifting technique, chemical reactions, techniques using scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometry or microspectrophotometry, microscopic techniques, physical or optical techniques, the photographic technique, and indented impression techniques, and the electrostatic technique. Figures and 82 references