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Examination of the Divergent General, Specific, and Other Criminogenic Risk/Needs Across Neuropathic and Psychopathic Pathways to Homicide

NCJ Number
235854
Journal
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Dated: August 2011 Pages: 693-715
Author(s)
D. G. Gilligan; C. J. Lennings
Date Published
August 2011
Length
23 pages
Annotation
This study examined the extent to which criminogenic risk/need factors differentiate psychopathic from neuropathic pathways to homicide in NGRI murderers.
Abstract
The social learning theory underlying Andrews and Bonta's Psychology of Criminal Conduct model has generally been seen as guiding risk assessment, with good relevance to mentally ill as well as non-mentally ill offenders. The current study reports a novel approach to qualitative assessment of 26 murderers found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), divided into two groupsneuropathic offenders characterized by frontal lobe deficits and psychosis and psychopathic murderers characterized by high scores on psychopathy and an absence of neuropathic factors. The findings of the present research support the notion that the two pathways are embedded in two diverging theoretical frameworks of psychopathology and social learning theory, with each corresponding to the neuropathic and psychopathic pathways, respectively. Models of social learning theory may have limited utility to the total mentally disordered offender population overall as they apply more specifically to offenders within special offender groups or perhaps more specifically to offenders with psychopathic characteristics. However, the significantly greater association of the other social, physical, and mental health risk/needs with the neuropathic pathway suggests that pathological models are important for understanding the neuropathic pathway in relation to homicide offence and risk of future violence in NGRI samples. (Published Abstract)