NCJ Number
157970
Date Published
1992
Length
6 pages
Annotation
This paper reviews the methodology and findings of research that has focused on the genetics of alcoholism.
Abstract
In the 1970's studies documented that alcoholism does run in families, but the studies did not resolve whether this is due to heredity or environment. This paper focuses on subsequent research that has examined possible genetic factors in alcoholism. Researchers have investigated possible genetic components of alcoholism by studying populations and families as well as genetic, biochemical, and neurobehavioral markers and characteristics. Two major methods of investigating the inheritance of alcoholism are studies of twins and adoptees. The results of twin studies are useful and have suggested the possibility of a genetic component in the inheritance of a predisposition to alcoholism; however, because the studies have had different foci, the results are difficult to interpret. Some researchers have argued for an inherited mixture of personality traits related to alcoholism. Researchers have also used animal models to study the genetics of alcoholism; however, no animal model encompasses the whole spectrum of alcoholic behaviors in humans. Using animals, researchers have yet to identify a single gene responsible for any alcohol-related behavior; they have established that alcoholism-related traits are determined by multiple genes. This paper includes a supplement that reviews the ongoing genetic research being conducted by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. These include family (pedigree) studies, studies of genetics and alcohol metabolism, studies of women, research on the genetics of alcohol's health effects, animal studies on susceptibility and neurochemistry, and mapping genes in diseases that have complex genetic origins. 39 references