NCJ Number
192143
Journal
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement Volume: 107 Issue: 4 Dated: April 2001 Pages: 1-9
Date Published
April 2001
Length
9 pages
Annotation
This statement provides information to pediatricians regarding the types of pre-existing health problems found more frequently among youth who are incarcerated, as well as health conditions acquired within the institutional environment; recommendations for the health care of such youth are based on the health care standards promulgated by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care.
Abstract
A landmark report published in 1980 documented medical problems in 46 percent of incarcerated youths entering correctional care facilities. These problems included conditions that occur in any population of youth, such as asthma, hypertension, acne, and diabetes. Conditions that were found at a greater rate in incarcerated than in unincarcerated youth included a 7-percent prevalence of tuberculosis and a 90-percent prevalence of dental caries or missing, fractured, or infected teeth. In a more recent study, 10 percent of juveniles admitted to a short-term detention facility had significant medical problems, excluding drug and alcohol abuse or uncomplicated sexually transmitted diseases (STD's). The most commonly diagnosed problems were asthma, orthopedic problems, and otolaryngologic conditions. This statement gives special attention to the pre-existing conditions of STD's, pregnancy and parenthood, HIV infection, and mental health conditions. Also discussed are parental neglect, family dissolution, abuse, mental retardation, and learning disorders. The risk behaviors of handgun ownership and substance use are addressed as well. Health conditions acquired within the institutional environment include mental health disorders (suicide risk), contagious diseases, somatic complaints, menstrual disorders, and skin problems. In addition, youths may be victims of physical and sexual abuse perpetrated by other inmates or staff. Seven health-care recommendations based on accepted standards pertain to administration, the management of a safe and healthy environment, personnel, care and treatment, health records, and medical-legal issues. 35 references