NCJ Number
99380
Journal
Criminal Justice Ethics Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Dated: (Summer/Fall 1984) Pages: 3-8
Date Published
1984
Length
5 pages
Annotation
This article examines the American Bar Association (ABA)'s ethical guidelines for exceptions to lawyer-client relationships, proposes considerations to be used in weighting these exceptions, and provides a reordering of these exceptions.
Abstract
Under the ABA model rules, disclosure is required to rectify a fraud on the court or to obey court orders. It is permitted when necessary to defend the lawyer against assertions of wrongdoing involving the client, to collect fees, or to save human life. It is forbidden when it serves to prevent substantial financial loss to third parties caused by the client's wrongful conduct. It is suggested that this ranking is a grotesque caricature of an ethical profession and is indefensible on any rational ethical analysis. It is further suggested that exceptions to confidentiality be ranked by taking into account the purpose for the confidentiality rule, by making a judgment regarding the intrinsic value of each exception, by considering the availability of other means for achieving the same ends as an exception, and by avoiding fallacious argument. Using these criteria, it is argued that disclosure should be required only when necessary to save human life. Disclosure should be permitted only to obey court rules or orders (and only when all possible efforts to challenge the validity of the order have been made) or when necessary to defend the lawyer against formally instituted charges brought or supported by the client. Finally, disclosure should be forbidden even when it could prevent substantial financial loss to third parties, rectify a fraud on the court, or aid in the collection of lawyer fees. Included are 7 footnotes.