NCJ Number
191764
Journal
Law Enforcement Quarterly Volume: 30 Issue: 2 Dated: Summer 2001 Pages: 13-15
Date Published
2001
Length
3 pages
Annotation
Narcotics detection dogs are valuable law enforcement partners, but using their talents most effectively requires that officers understand the training of these dogs and its limitations.
Abstract
To train a narcotics detection canine, an association must be developed between the canine's training toy and the odor of controlled substances, usually cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana. When the dog smells the odor of the designated narcotics, it believes it has found its toy. Dogs do not know they are smelling narcotics and not the toy itself. Once this connection between the odor of narcotics and the toy has been implanted in the dog's memory, it is then taught to perform a certain behavior to signal the handler it has located the odor of what it believes is its toy. This demonstration is commonly referred to as the "alert." The total alert consists of numerous physical changes within the canine. Its respiration will increase and its excitement and intensity levels will rise. When the canine performs the proper behaviors, it is rewarded with the toy, accompanied by the praise of the handler and an opportunity to play. Training must be consistent and ongoing. During training, care must be taken to ensure that the canine is only interested in odors the trainer wants and is "proofed" away from unwanted odors. The most important fact to remember in using narcotics detection dogs is that they alert to odors. An odor may be present, but the substance may no longer be in the area where the odor is detected by the dog. Also, the substance may be present, but can be packaged in such a manner (e.g., vacuum-sealed) that no odor is escaping.