NCJ Number
46006
Journal
JOINT ENDEAVOR Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Dated: (MARCH 1978) Pages: 12-19
Date Published
1978
Length
8 pages
Annotation
THE HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND'S COLONIZATION, 19TH CENTURY PRISON CONDITIONS, THE GROWTH OF ITS CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, AND THE NATURE OF ITS CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM TODAY, ARE DISCUSSED.
Abstract
BOTH AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND HAVE A PARTICULAR INTEREST IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE; AUSTRALIA WAS FOUNDED AS A CRIMINAL COLONY, WHILE NEW ZEALAND SERVED AS A HAVEN FOR ESCAPED OFFENDERS. THE UNUSUAL HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND'S CRIMINAL JUSTICE EFFORTS IS RECOUNTED. TRIBAL RULE, EARLY PRISON CONDITIONS, AND PENAL REFORM -- THE FIRST OFFENDER PROBATION ACT OF 1886 AND THE CRIMES AMENDMENT ACT OF 1910 -- ARE DISCUSSED. THE SEVEN SANCTIONS -- PROBATION, FINES, PERIODIC DETENTION, DETENTION CENTER, BORSTAL TRAINING, IMPRISONMENT, PREVENTIVE DETENTION -- AVAILABLE SINCE PASSAGE OF THE 1954 CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT, ARE OUTLINED. THE SCOPE OF NEW ZEALAND'S CRIMINAL LAWS AND NEW ZEALAND'S COURT STRUCTURE ARE DISCUSSED, AND TABLES CONTAINING DATA ON SPECIFIC OFFENSES, SENTENCE LENGTH, AND THE AGE AND NATIONALITY OF PRISONERS ARE PROVIDED. A GENERAL SUMMARY OF PRISON POPULATIONS FOR 1976 INCLUDES TABULAR DATA. VISITS TO PRISONS AND HALFWAY HOUSES IN CHRISTCHURCH AND AUCKLAND ARE DESCRIBED, AS ARE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PROBATION EFFORTS. SELECTED REFERENCES FOLLOW THE TEXT. (KBL)