NCJ Number
243198
Date Published
2012
Length
11 pages
Annotation
This paper presents an overview of some of the more common corrections programs in the United States, ranging from diversion to reentry after release from prison.
Abstract
A section on "Size and Complexity" presents a figure to show the growth of correctional populations in the United State since 1980. Only recently has the correctional population declined slightly. The complexity of the correctional system in the United States stems from Federal, State, and local governments having their own correctional systems, with systems cooperating on some programs. Another section of the paper addresses diversion programs, including community-based diversion programs and court-based diversion programs for minor and first-time offenders. A section on "Community-Based Programs" addresses probation, intermediate sanctions (programs that fall between regular probation and incarceration), restitution programs, intensive probation supervision, drug and other problem solving courts, community service programs, and home detention. Overviews are also provided of electronic monitoring, halfway houses, community-based correctional facilities, day reporting centers, "boot camp" programs, and weekend confinement. A section on "Treatment in Prison" presents summary descriptions of education programs, vocation programs, work-release programs, furlough programs, and therapeutic community. The section on "Reentry Programs" describes reentry courts. The concluding section describes "Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Programs." In a concluding section, the paper notes that the primary purpose of most correctional programs is to reduce recidivism. The next paper in the series will focus on evidence-based practices and the principles and attributes of effective correctional programs.