NCJ Number
176997
Date Published
1998
Length
284 pages
Annotation
This book examines the various influences, both within and outside of the U.S. Congress, that determined crime policies forged by the legislation of the 103rd and 104th U.S. Congresses.
Abstract
The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 was arguably the most important legislative achievement of President Clinton's first term. The author -- a prominent legal scholar, British legislator, and Oxford College Principal -- analyzes the forces inside and outside the 103rd Congress that shaped the final content of the Act. Controversial issues discussed include racial justice, "three strikes and you're out" and mandatory sentencing, the Brady Act and the assault weapons ban, the competing claims of prison-building and prevention programs, drug policies, and restrictions on repeat sex offenders after release from prison. The book next turns to the crime policies adopted after the Republicans won control of both the House and Senate in the elections for the 104th Congress. The external pressures and the congressional tactics used to facilitate passage of such measures as the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Megan's Law, and the Prison Litigation Reform Act are examined in the second part of the book. Subsequent challenges in the courts are also reviewed, including some cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court at the end of its 1996-97 term. The focal point throughout the book is the impact of populist opinion, as well as that of special-interest groups, on elected representatives in the formation of public policy. The role of one of the most politically potent of all lobbies, the National Rifle Association, is assessed in the context of the competition it faces from an increasingly activist gun-control movement. The book concludes by asking whether an end is in sight for America's distinctive tolerance of lethal weapons. Appended Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, chapter notes, and a subject index