NCJ Number
193644
Journal
Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions Volume: 1 Issue: 4 Dated: 2001 Pages: 47-69
Date Published
2001
Length
23 pages
Annotation
This article examines the needs of non-violent, substance-abusing female offenders in Hawaii, especially those of Hawaiian ancestry.
Abstract
The imprisonment rate for women in Hawaii is currently outpacing that of men. A study revealed that 61 percent of the women released from prison were Hawaiian, while Hawaiian females comprised less than 10 percent of the total State population. Hawaiians have the lowest median income and the highest rates of incarceration, homelessness, and poverty of all ethnic populations in the State. Seventy-one percent of the inmates at the women’s correctional center on Oahu had been physically or sexually abused. Maladaptive coping behaviors often emerge as a result of this emotional, psychic, and spiritual damage. The study was conducted at a secure work-furlough program for women transitioning into the community from prison. A two-part instrument was developed based on a review of contemporary literature. Participants were given a questionnaire at the facility either individually or in small groups. Results supported the argument that violence and discrimination were salient contributions to behavior leading to imprisonment for many Hawaiian women, who were vastly over-represented in local incarceration data. While multiple negative forces have a cumulative impact on their lives, interventions, culturally appropriate or not, are rare. The areas of greatest need are alternatives to incarceration including substance abuse treatment and counseling services; establishment of a female prison model; training of criminal justice workers related to the unique needs and circumstances of female inmates; and community education that promotes rehabilitative practices. Recommendations also include Gender Specific Programming, an incarceration plan for each inmate, educational and work opportunities, family-focused services, mental health services, and culturally sensitive models. 2 tables, 41 references