U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.

NCJRS Virtual Library

The Virtual Library houses over 235,000 criminal justice resources, including all known OJP works.
Click here to search the NCJRS Virtual Library

Racial-Ethnic Threat, Out-Group Intolerance, and Support for Punishing Criminals: A Cross-National Study

NCJ Number
239677
Journal
Criminology Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Dated: August 2012 Pages: 565-604
Author(s)
Graham C. Ousey; James D. Unnever
Date Published
August 2012
Length
40 pages
Annotation
The current study postulates that the relative size of the out-group population affects punitiveness indirectly via its impact on individual intolerance toward ethnic out-groups.
Abstract
Scholars often have used the group threat thesis to explain why punitiveness varies across places. This research regularly has found that punitiveness is harsher in places with a larger minority population. Yet researchers only have had a rudimentary grasp of why this is the case. Moreover, most prior research has focused only on the United States, giving us little knowledge of whether the group threat thesis is a viable explanation of cross-national differences in punitiveness. In the current study, the authors postulate that the relative size of the out-group population affects punitiveness indirectly, via its impact on individual intolerance toward ethnic out-groups. The authors test this thesis cross-nationally with data from individuals residing in 27 European countries. The findings are consistent with the argument that greater racial/ethnic diversity at the country level affects individuals' attitudes toward minority out-groups, which in turn increases their support for severely punishing criminal offenders. Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons.