This report reviews the features and functions of sexual assault kits (SAKs) and discusses lessons learned from research sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) regarding the effective use and efficient processing of SAKs.
NIJ, the scientific research arm of the U.S. Department of Justice, supports a range of studies related to sexual assault, notably research on the processing and testing of SAKs. NIJ has worked with a number of cities (New Orleans, Detroit, Houston, and others) in promoting constructive change in how SAKs are managed in the course of sexual assault investigations. This report features descriptions of NIJ-funded research on these issues in the Houston and Detroit law enforcement agencies. This research has identified a number of areas that require attention in the management of sexual assault cases. One issue is how law enforcement, prosecutors, victims' services, medical professionals, and forensic laboratories cooperate in testing large numbers of SAKs. A second issue is what should be considered when developing a database for tracking evidence that goes to a lab for testing. A third focus is on who should be trained to understand the trauma of sexual assault victims and how to address their needs. Another concern is the development of a written, victim-centered and trauma-informed victim notification protocol for both current sexual assault cases and cases that have untested SAKs. Research has also shown the importance of police working with victim advocates and community services to improve the investigation and victim notification process in sexual assault cases. A listing of resources and Federal funding opportunities