NCJ Number
208304
Journal
Journal of Crime & Justice Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Dated: 2004 Pages: 27-57
Date Published
2004
Length
31 pages
Annotation
This study surveyed probation and parole officers in Missouri and Kentucky to determine their supervision styles along a continuum from "casework to surveillance."
Abstract
The study was conducted in the Eastern Probation and Parole Region (St. Louis) of the Missouri Department of Corrections and in four district offices of the Louisville region within the Kentucky Department of Corrections. Of 327 officers who were supplied with questionnaires, 142 (41 percent) responded. The questionnaire described various types of activities that might be performed by the officers in the course of their work. Respondents were asked to estimate the percentage of time, on average, they spent on each activity. All of the activities described related to the supervision of offenders. Respondents were also asked to rate themselves on the continuum of supervision styles. The "casework" style refers to an emphasis on assisting the offender with problems, counseling the offender, and focusing on ensuring the offender successfully completes the supervision period. "Surveillance" involves supervision that emphasizes monitoring offender behavior and enforcing compliance with the conditions of supervision; this involves a focus on the detection of violations that can result in revocation and a return to custody. The findings show that most officers spend more of their time engaged in casework activities; however, they rate themselves as more surveillance oriented. The style of supervision varied significantly by gender, with female officers spending significantly more time than male officers engaged in casework activities. Caseload size and type were also related to style. Officers tended to aspire to a balanced approach, but with priority given to public safety. 8 tables and 25 references