TERRORISM - AN EXAMINATION OF THE PROBLEM (FROM INTERAGENCY WORKSHOP - ANNUAL, 14TH, P 18-23, 1979 - SEE NCJ-67808)

• NCJ Number: 67810
• Author(s): J D BAILEY
• Date Published: 1979
• Length: 6 pages
• Publication Format: Document
• Publication Type: Historical Overview
• Language: English
• Country: United States of America
• Note: NCJ 67810 AVAILABLE ON MICROFICHE FROM NCJRS UNDER NCJ 67808.

Annotation

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE PROBLEM OF TERRORISM FROM 1944, THE YEAR THAT JEWISH TERRORISM BEGAN AGAINST THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN PALESTINE, TO THE PRESENT.

Abstract

THE PURPOSES OF THE JEWISH AGENCY WERE TO SUPPORT THE DECLARATION FRAMING THE GUIDELINES OF A JEWISH NATIONAL HOME AND TO FIGHT THE BRITISH WHITE PAPER WHICH PLACED RESTRICTIONS ON JEWISH IMMIGRATION TO PALESTINE. TERRORIST ACTS INCLUDED ASSASSINATIONS, DERAILMENT AND ROBBERY OF TRAINS, ATTACKS ON MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENTS, KIDNAPPING, AND HANGINGS. THE SUCCESS OF JEWISH TERRORISM WAS REFLECTED IN THE BRITISH WITHDRAWAL FROM THE SUEZ CANAL ZONE IN 1954; IN SUCH INCIDENCES, TERRORISM HAD RAISED THE COST OF EXISTING POLICY. TERRORISM AND REVOLUTIONARY WAR ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED IN SOME CASES, SUCH AS WITH MAO TSE-TUNG AND TWO NORTH VIETNAMESE LEADERS, GENERAL VO NGUYEN GIAP AND TRUONG CHINH. BOTH INDOCHINA WARS AGAINST THE FRENCH AND THE U.S. WERE MARKED BY PROLONGED PERIODS OF TERRORISM ON THE COMMUNIST SIDE. DISRUPTIVE TERRORISM IS AIMED AT DISCREDITING AND DEMORALIZING THE AUTHORITIES BY DEMONSTRATING THAT TERRORISTS CAN OPERATE AT WILL AND THAT SECURITY FORCES ARE POWERLESS. COERCIVE TERRORISM INSTILLS FEAR OF THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT AMONG THE POPULATION AND BRINGS ABOUT OR FORCES OBEDIENCE TO THE MOVEMENT'S LEADERSHIP. MOST INSTANCES OF TERRORISM WERE NOT SUCCESSFUL, SUCH AS THOSE OF CHE GUEVARA AND BRAZILIAN TERRORIST CARLOS MARIGHELLA. HOWEVER, MARIGHELLA'S MANUAL ON THE URBAN GUERRILLA MARKS THE CHANGE FROM THE OLD TERRORISM, WHICH REMAINED WITHIN A NATION'S BORDERS, TO THE NEW TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM. SIX CATEGORIES OF TERRORISTS ARE MINORITY NATIONALIST GROUPS, MARXIST REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS, ANARCHIST GROUPS, PATHOLOGICAL GROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS, NEOFASCIST AND EXTREME RIGHT WING GROUPS, AND IDEOLOGICAL MERCENARIES. COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN TERRORIST SUPPORT INCLUDE MANY IN THE EAST EUROPEAN COMMUNIST SPHERE (PARTICULARLY THE SOVIET UNION), THE MIDDLE EAST, AND AFRICA, AS WELL AS CUBA AND VIETNAM. NO REFERENCES ARE INCLUDED.